Coagulationflocculation process for produced water. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. On the other hand, if the mixing time is too short, the collisions between the flocculants and colloids are not efficient to precipitate suspended solids in wastewater. In the flocculated system, there is no formation of. The prevailing mechanism is thus adsorptive coagulation. At a lower ph acidic condition, there was a significant difference in the. The present study aims to treat a sample of sea water for the removal of impurities by various coagulants such as alum, ferric chloride and. An evident difference between the adsorptive and precipitation. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. The results of this study showed that the pda instrument is an important tool in coagulation kinetic studies and can be employed as an additional tool in the optimization of coagulation conditions. It is specific to each application and is dependent upon the sample, the coagulation and flocculation agents used, the desired clarity of the water, and the waters end use. Removal efficiency of grampositive and gramnegative bacteria. Flocculation is gentle stirring or agitation to encourage.
The term is also used to refer to the process by which fine particulates are caused to clump together into floc. Jul 25, 2018 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. In addition to removing turbidity from the water, coagulation and flocculation process removes many bacteria which are suspended in the water and can be used to. Flocculation is used for water purification, and can even be used to extract certain corrosive elements from water. Flocculation flocculation refers to a process where a solute comes out of solution in the form of floc or flakes.
Another type of tanks combine between flocculation and sedimentation in one tank and called solid contact flocculator clarifier. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge. Apr 21, 2007 coagulation the transformation of liquid into jelly like semisolid mass. Optimization and economic evaluation of modified coagulation. The floc is subsequently removed in most cases by sedimentation.
Pdf comparative study between flocculationcoagulation. Oct 23, 2017 flocculation is a process in chemistry wherein colloids are extracted from suspensions which then take the form of flake or floc. On the interface between the strenlayer and the diffuse layer there is. This technique is used in treating wastewater, both industrial and treated sewage, from municipal wastewater treatment plants.
Coagulation, flocculation and precipitation youtube. Thus, the flocculation rate is not optimum under this condition. The primary purpose of the coagulation and flocculation is to destabilize the charged colloidal particles in water and make them to settle so as to remove turbidity from the water. Coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes could be a reliable. Coagulation and flocculation are two main and important steps in drinking and wastewater treatment. Key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. The key difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment is that the coagulation is a chemical process while flocculation is a physical process. Flocculation process during which particles, for example, of a soil, dispersed in a solution contact and adhere each another, forming clusters, flocks, flakes, or clumps of a larger size. Coagulation and flocculation tu delft opencourseware. Water is clarified using the processes of coagulation and flocculation, which remove suspended solids turbidity from water by causing the suspended particles to aggregate into a slime, that settles out of the water. Enhanced treatment of ceramictile industry wastewater was investigated by modified coagulationflocculation process using combination of. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Coagulation and flocculation constitute the backbone processes in most water and advanced wastewater treatment plants. Coagulation or flocculation process was conducted for the treatment of industrial wastewater to achieve maximum removal of cod, tp and tss.
This present study evaluated the effectiveness of coagulation, flocculation, and. Ene 806 project report 2 coagulation and flocculation. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. This aggregation is called microscale flocculation or. In flocculation one can make a distinction between perikinetic and. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. This aggregation is called microscale flocculation or perikinetic flocculation. Main difference coagulation vs flocculation coagulation and flocculation are two processes commonly used in water treatment in order to get rid of unwanted suspended material in water. Coagulation of ppme was studied previously using inorganic coagulants. Coagulation is a process of making colloidal matter dispersedsuspended in a liquid to join in a coherent mass. The difference in peak occurrence from fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy. Coagulation flocculation is a widelyused process in industrial wastewater treatment. Nov 09, 2018 coagulation mostly happens in a rapid mixing tank for a few minutes.
What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation scribd. During coagulation, chemicals are added to make particles clump together. A comprehensive study on floc characterization and coagulant. The optimum ph for the coagulation and flocculation process must be determined experimentally.
This can take place spontaneously or may be brought about by adding clarifying agents. The floc may float to the top or settle to the bottom of the liquid, as well can be readily. Mar 31, 2016 3312016 2 why coagulation and flocculation. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation. The safety hazards an operator may encounter when operating a coagulation flocculation process include.
The effect of fast mixing conditions on the coagulation. In a second experiment, river water ph was adjusted at different phs between 4. Coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment coagulation is an important step in water treatment which involves the addition of a coagulant to enhance the. Flocculation is also known as coagulation and agglomeration. Their objective is to enhance the separation of particulate species in downstream processes such as sedimentation and filtration.
Coagulation and flocculation anup ghimire, rock face limited 2. Emerson water is clarified using the processes of coagulation and flocculation, which remove suspended solids turbidity from water by causing the suspended particles to aggregate into a slime, that settles out of the water. Results from related work in the wastewater flocculation field are encouraging. Similarities between coagulation and flocculation in. During flocculation, the solution is mixed gently, providing time and energy so the clumps will gather together and form larger clumps. Pdf coagulationflocculation process for produced water. Coagulation, flocculation and agglutination are terms that usually cause confusion. After coagulation the destabilized particles can collide, aggregate so flocs can be formed. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Pdf comparison between coagulationflocculation and. The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size, shape, and density.
Charge neutralization mechanism efficiency in water with. Coagulation and flocculation practices are essential pretreatments for many water purification systems in conventional coagulationflocculationsedimentation, a coagulant is added to the source water to create an attraction among the suspended particles. Coagulationthe transformation of liquid into jelly like semisolid mass. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. Hydrophobic colloids are charged particles surrounded by a cloud of opposite and equally charged ions g. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water terry l. Collodialcharacteristics colloidaldispersions solidsdispersedin liquids sols e. Coagulation and flocculation coagulation and flocculationconsist of adding a flocforming chemical reagent to a water to enmesh or combine with nonsettleable colloidal solids and slowsettling suspended solids to produce a rapidsettling floc. The rate of flocculation is relative to the rate at which the particles diffuse. Correct application of coagulation and flocculation processes and selection of the. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment coagulation is an important step in.
This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the. The coagulationflocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation. Coagulation and flocculation of industrial wastewater by. Removal of precipitates coagulation rapid chemical mix destabilization of suspended particles flocculation slow mix particle collision and growth. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. Flocculation and dispersion phenomena in soils springerlink. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment waste. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment waste water. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. Once the ph adjusted, the same treatment of coagulation as above was used and initial and final absorbance and turbidity were measured.
Coagulation and flocculation practices are essential pretreatments for many water purification systems. A jar test simulates the coagulation and flocculation processes fill the jars with raw water sample 500 or ml usually 6 jars adjust ph of the jars while mixing using h 2 so 4 or naohlime ph. The safety hazards an operator may encounter when operating a coagulationflocculation process include. Ppt coagulation and flocculation linkedin slideshare. Most water treatment practices including coagulation, flocculation and clarification, date back hundreds and in some cases thousands of years. Optimization of coagulationflocculation process with aluminum sulfate based on response 79 collection of tools in design or data analysis that enhance the exploration of a region of design variables in one ore more dimensions 3. Flocculation is the process of creating conditions for particulates to come together to form flocs of solids and then settle in treated water. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. In conventional coagulation flocculation sedimentation, a coagulant is added to the source water to create an attraction among the suspended particles. During coagulation, the coagulantalum are added to destabilize the surface charge of particles. A brief teaching video for completing assignment 1 use earphone for better audio. Download the pdf version of coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment. What is the exact differences between coagulation and. During coagulation, cations are added as coagulants at corresponding ph and dosage to treat water, thus, disturbing existing stability due to the repulsive forces between the negatively charged colloidal particles in water 6.
Coagulation mostly happens in a rapid mixing tank for a few minutes. Improving the efficiency of a coagulationflocculation. Coagulationflocculationjar test marmara universitesi. Various sizes of particles in raw water particle diameter mm type settling velocity 10 pebble 0. Dec 10, 2017 the key difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment is that the coagulation is a chemical process while flocculation is a physical process. Pdf in this study is present the advantages and disadvantages of the use of different type of coagulants and flocculants for industrial.
Azizi1 1 american university of beirut, beirut, riad elsolh1107 2020, lebanon. Coagulation is the step where colloidal par ticles similar t o spheres of a diameter of less than 1 micrometer are destabilized. Coagulation and flocculation provide the water treatment process by which finely divided suspended and colloidal matter in the water is made to agglomerate and form flocs. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. Pdf on mar 1, 2018, gislayne alves oliveira and others published comparison between coagulationflocculation and ozoneflotation for scenedesmus microalgal biomolecule recovery and nutrient. Its a preference in the primary purification processes due to its simplicity operation, efficient and cheap. Safe drinking water is essential coagulationflocculation. Coagulation is a process to neutralize charges and then to form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification. Thus, the primary mechanism of aggregation is through brownian motion.
Start studying coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Colloidal particles colloids are midway in size1 between dissolved solids and. Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process in which colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation free download as word doc. The term originates from the word floc, which is the flake of precipitate that comes out of solution. However, they can be commonly adopted for destabilizing any suspension system.
The mixture is slowly stirred to induce particles to clump together into flocs. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended in a liquid and not actually dissolved in a solution. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles. Microscale flocculation the flocculation of small particles less than 0. Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation coalescence.
The coagulation flocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape. Measurement tools for coagulation and flocculation. This is the difference between coagulation and flocculation. In a system that promotes flocculation, there is no cake formation because all flocs are suspended. They have explained the correlation between particle size. Flocculationflocculation refers to a process where a solute comes out of solution in the form of floc or flakes. Efficiency of coagulationflocculation process used for semiconductor wastewater treatment was improved by selecting suitable conditions ph, polyelectrolyte type, and concentration through zeta potential measurements. The mixture is slowly stirred to induce particles to clump. This enables their removal by sedimentation, dissolved air flotation or filtration. The process of agglomeration of the destabilized particles to such a size that separation by sedimentation and filtration is possible. Earthen jars used to store water it is good to keep water in copper vessels, to expose it to sunlight and.
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